英语单词反义词汇总
70.into 到……里面 -- out of 从……里向外
71.kill 杀死 -- save 救活
72.laugh 笑 -- cry 哭
73.leave 离开 -- arrive 到达
74.leave 离开 -- stay 逗留
75.left 左 -- right 右
76.light 明亮的 -- dark 黑暗的
77.light 轻的 -- heavy 重的`
78.like 喜欢 -- hate 憎恨
79.like 与……一样 -- unlike 与……不一样
80.lose 丢失 -- find 找到
81.lose 失败丢失 -- win 胜利赢得
82.many 许多 -- few 很少
83.miss 未抓住未赶上 -- catch 抓住赶上
84.miss 未击中 -- hit 击中
85.more 更多的 -- less, fewer 更少的
86.most 最多的 -- least, fewest 最少的
87.move 移动 -- stop 停止
88.much 许多 -- little 很少
89.neat/tidy整齐的 -- messy凌乱的
90.never 从未 -- ever 曾经
91.next 下一个 -- last 上一个
92.nobody无一人 -- everybody 每个人
93.nothing什么也没有 -- everything 一切
94.now -- 现在 then 当时
95.old 旧的 -- new 新的
96.old 年老的 -- young 年轻的
97.on 连续使用中 -- off 离开中断
98.open 打开(的) -- close(d)关闭(的)
99.over 在……上 -- under 在……下
100.pain 痛苦 -- pleasure 快乐
101.pass 通过及格 -- fail 未通过不及格
102.poor 贫穷的 -- rich 富裕的
103.pull 拉 -- push 推
104.punish惩罚 -- reward奖励
105.rainy 下雨的 -- dry 干旱的
106.right 右边(的) -- left 左边(的)
107.right 正确的 -- wrong 错误的
108.safe 安全的 -- dangerous 危险的
109.same 相同的 -- different 不同的
110.serious严肃 -- silly无聊
111.short 短的 -- long 长的
112.short (个子)矮的 -- tall (个子)高的
113.shy害羞 -- social大胆
114.sleep 睡觉 -- wake 醒来
115.small 小的 -- big, large, great 大的
116.smooth 平滑 -- rough粗糙
117.start 出发 -- reach 到达
118.strong 强壮的 -- weak 虚弱的
119.take 拿走 -- bring 带来
120.take 拿取 -- give 给予
121.take on穿上 -- take off脱下
122.teach 教(课) -- learn 学习
123.thin 瘦的 -- fat 胖的
124.thin 薄的 -- thick 厚的
125.town 城镇 -- country 乡下
126.true真的 -- false假的
127.war战争 -- peace 和平
128.warm温暖的 -- cool凉爽的
129.whole 全体全部 -- part 部分
130.win赢 -- fail输
131.wide 宽的 -- narrow 窄的
132.with 有 -- without 没有
133.yes 是的 -- no 不是的
拓展：英语单词复习归纳
1.cata-表示“向下，相反，离开”
2.deca-表示“十”
3.deci-表示“十分之一”
4.demi-表示“半”
5.endo-表示“内部”
6.hecto-表示“百，许多”
7.hemi-表示“半”
8.hepta-表示“七”
9.hexa-表示“六”
10.holo-表示“全部”
11.intra-表示“在内，内部”
12.iso-表示“等，同”
13.kilo-表示“一千”
14.meta-表示“超过，改变”
15.milli-表示“千，千分之一”
16.ob-表示“逆，倒，加强意义”
17.octa-表示“八”(亦作octo)
18.penta-表示“五”
19.quadri-, quadru-表示“四”
20.quasi-表示“类似，准”
21.semi-表示“半”
22.sept,septi-表示“七”
23.sex-表示“六”
24.step-表示“后，继或前夫(妻)所生”
25.stereo-表示“立体”
26.supra-表示“超….”
27.tetra-表示“四”
28.tri-表示“三”
29.twi-表示“二，两”
30.uni-表示“一个，单一”
31.vice-表示“副”
32.with-表示“向后，相反”
第三部分通过词根认识单词
(常用词根一)
1.acid, acri, acrid, acu=sour, sharp,表示“尖，酸，锐利”
2.act=to do , to drive,表示“行动，做”
3.aer, aero, aeri=air,表示“空气，充气”等
4.ag=do, act,表示“做，代理做”
5.agri, agro, agr=field, land,表示“田地，农业”等
6.alter, altern, ali=other, to change,表示“其他的，改变状态”
7.am, amor, amat=love,表示“爱，情爱”
8.ambul=walk,表示“行走，走路”
9.anim=life,spirit,表示“生命，精神”等
10.ann, enn=year,表示“年，一年”
11.anthrop=man,human,表示“人，人类”
12.apt,ept=fit, ability,表示“适应，能力”
13.aqu=water,表示“水”
14.arch,archy=ruler, rule, chief,表示“统治者，统治，主要的”
15.art=skill, joint, trick,表示“技巧，关节，诡计”
16.astro,aster=star,表示“星星”
17.audi,audit=hear,表示“听”
18.av,avar, avi=desire,bird,表示“渴望，鸟”
19.ball,bol=throw, dance, ball,表示“抛，舞，球”
20.bas,base=low, foundation,表示“低下，基础”
21.bell,bel=war, fight,表示“战争，打斗”
22.bio,bi=life,表示“生命，生物”
23.brev, bridg=short,表示“短，缩短”
24.cad, cas, cid=fall，表示“落下，降临”
25.cand=white,glow,表示“白，发光”
26.cant,cent=sing,song,表示“唱，歌”
27.cap, capt, cept ,ceive, cip, cup=take, hold, seize,表示“拿，抓，握住”
28.cap, cipit=head,表示“头”
29.card, cord=heart,表示“心脏，一致”
30.carn=flesh,表示“肉”
31.ced, ceed, cess=go,表示“行走，前进”
(附加) cept=take拿取
32.celer=quick,speed,表示“快，速”
33.cent=hundred,表示“一百”
34.centr=center,表示“中心”
35.cern, cert, cret=sure, separate,表示“搞清，区别”
36.chron=time,表示“时间”
37.cid,cis=cut,kill,表示“切开，杀”
38.circ,cycl=ring,circle,表示“圆，环”
39.cit=quote,call,表示“引用，唤起”
40.claim, clam=cyrout, shout,表示“呼喊，叫喊”
41.clear, clar, clair=clear, bright,表示“清楚，明白”
42.clin, cliv=lean,slope,表示“倾斜，斜坡”
43.clos, clud, clus=close，表示“关闭”
44.corp,corpor=body,表示“身体，团体”"
45.cracy=rule,表示“统治或政体”crat=ruler,表示“统治者”
46.creed,cred=believe,trust,表示“相信,信任
47.cre,creas=grow,make,表示“增长，产生”
48.cruc,crus,crux=cross,表示“十字形，交叉”
49.crypt=secret,hidden,表示“秘密，隐藏”
50.cub,cumb=lie down,表示“躺”cumber=barrier,表示“躺的东西，障碍”
51cult=till,表示“耕种，培养”
52.cur=care,表示“关心”
53.cur(r),curs, cours=run ,表示“跑，发生”
54dem(o)=people，表示“人民，人们”
55.dent=tooth,表示“牙齿”
56.derm,dermat =skin,表示“皮肤”
57.dict,dic=say,assert,表示“说话，断言”"
58.dign=worthy,noble,表示“值得，高贵”
59.doc,doct=to teach,表示“教”
60.don,dit=give,表示“给予”
61.du,dub,doub=two,表示“二，双”
62.duc,duct=lead,bring,表示“引导，带来”
63.dur=last,hard,表示“持久，坚硬”
64.dyn,dynam=power,表示“力量”
65.em,empt,ampl=take,procure,表示“拿，获得”
66.equ,equi=equal,even,表示“相等，平均”
67.erg=energy,work,表示“能量，活动”
68.err=wander,mistake,表示“漫游，犯错误”
69.ev=age,表示“年龄，时代”
70.fabl,fabul=speak,表示“讲，说”
71.fac,fic=face,表示“脸，面”
72.fac,fact,fect,fic,fig=make,do,表示“做，制作”
73.fall,fail,fault=err,deceive,表示“犯错误，欺骗”"
74.fer=bring,carry,表示“带来，拿来”
75.ferv=boil,表示“沸，热”
76.fid=trust,faith,表示“相信，信念”
77.fin=end,boundary,表示“结束，范围”
78.flam,flagr=blaze,表示“火焰”
79.flect,flex=bend,表示“弯曲”
80.flict=strike,表示“打击”
81.flor,flour=flower,表示“花”
82.flu=flow,表示“流动”
83.fore,fort=storng,表示“强大，力量”
84.form=shape,表示“形状”
85.fract=break,表示“打碎”
86.frig,friger=cold,表示“冷”
87.fug=flee,表示“逃，离开”
88.fus=pour,表示“流，泻”
89.gen,gener,genit=birth,produce,表示“出生，产生”
90.gest,gister=carry,bring,表示“带来，产生”"
91.gnos(t),gnor=know,表示“知道”
92.gon=angle,表示“角”
93.grad=step,grade,表示“步，级”
94.graph,gram=write,表示“写，图”
95.grat,gree=pleasing,表示“感激，高兴”
96.grav,griev=heavy,表示“重"
97.greg=group,表示“群体”
98.gress=.go,walk,表示“行走”
99.gyn,gynec=woman,表示“妇女”
100.habit=dwell,表示“居住”
101.hap=chance,表示“机会，运气”"
102.her,hes=stick,表示“粘附”"
103.hibit=hold,表示“拿住”"
104.hum=earth,表示“土,地”"
105.hydy,hydro= water,表示“水”"
106.idea,ideo=idea,表示“思想，观点”"
107.it=go,表示“行走”"
108.ject=throw,cast,表示“投掷，扔”"
109.judg,judic=judge,表示“判断”"
110.junct,join=join,表示“结合，连接”"
111.jur,juris=swear,law,表示“发誓，法律”"
112.juven=young,表示“年轻”"
113.labor=labor,表示“劳动”"
114.laps=slip,表示“滑,滑走”"
115.lat= bring,out,表示“拿出,带出”"
116.lav,luv,lut=wash,表示“洗,冲洗”"
117.lect,lig= choose,gather表示“选择，收集”"
118.lect,leg=speak,read,表示“讲，读”"
119.leg,legis=law,表示“法律”"
120.lev,live=raise,lighten,表示“提高,举起,变轻”"
121.liber=free,表示“自由”"
122.limin,lim=threshold，表示“门槛，限制”"
123.line=line,表示“直线，线条”"
124.lingu=language ,表示“语言”，原意为“舌头”"
125.liter=letter,表示“文字,字母”"
126.lith=stone,表示“石头”"
127.loc=place,表示“地方”"
128.log,logu=speak,表示“说话”"
129.log=science,表示“科学,学科”"
130.long=leng,表示“长”"
131.loqu,locu=speak,表示“说话”"
132.luc,lust=light,shine,表示“光,照亮”"
133.lumin=light,表示“光”"
134.lud,lus=play,表示“玩，戏剧”"
135.man, manu= hand,表示“手”"
136.marin=sea,表示“海洋”"
137.mark= sign ,表示“记号，符号”"
138.matern, matr= mother,表示“母性，母亲”"
139.med=middle,表示“中间”"
140.memor=memory,表示“记忆”"
141.ment= mind,表示“思考，神智”"
142.merg, mers= sink,表示“沉，没”"
143.meter,metr,meas,mens=measure,表示“计量测量等”
144.migr=remove,表示“迁移”"
145.min=project,表示“伸出，突出”"
146.mini,min=small,表示“小”"
147.mir =wonder,look,表示“惊奇，看”"
148.misc=mix,表示“混淆”"
149.miss,mit= send,cast,表示“送，放出”"
150.mob=move,表示“动”"
151.mod=mode,manner,表示“方式，模式，风度”"
152.mon, monit= warn,表示“警告”"
153.morph=form,shape,表示“形状”"
154.mort=death,表示“死”"
155.mot= motion,表示“运动”"
156.mount=ascend,表示“登上”"
157.muni,mun= public,表示“公共的”"
158.mut= change,表示“改变”"
159.nat=born,表示“出生的”"
160.nav,naus, naut= ship,表示“船” naut引申为“海员”
161.nect,nex= bind,表示“连结”"
162.neg=deny,表示“否认”"
163.negr, nigr= black,表示“黑”"
164.noc, nox= hurt, poison,表示“伤害，毒”"
165.nom(y)=a field of knowledge,表示“某一领域的知识”
166.nomin=name,表示“名称，名字”"
167.norm=rule, norm,表示“规则，规范”"
168.not=know,表示“知道，注意”"
169.nounce,nunci= speak,表示“讲话，说出”"
170.nov=new,表示“新的”
171.numer=number,表示“数目”"
172.onym=nam,表示“名字”"
173.oper=work ,表示“工作”"
174.opt= choose,表示“选择”"
175.opt,opto= sight,表示“视力”"
176.ora,orat=mouth,表示“嘴，说”"
177.ori,orig= rise, begin ,表示“升起，开始”"
178.ordin=order,表示“命令，顺序”"
179.orn=embellish,表示“装饰”"
180.par=equal,表示“平等”"
181.part, port=part, divide,表示“部分，分开”"
182.pass=pass through,表示“通过”"
183.pass= felling,表示“感情”"
184.path=feeling, suffering, illness,表示“感情，痛苦，病”"
185.patr(i)=father,表示“父亲”"
186.ped=foot,表示“脚”"
187.ped=child, education,表示“儿童”，引申为“教育”"
188.pel,puls= drive, push,表示“驱动，推”"
189.pen,pun=penalty,表示“处罚”"
190.pend, pens= hang,表示“悬挂”"
191.pend,pens, pond= weight, expend,表示“称重量，称银子”，引申为“花费”"
192.per=try,表示“尝试”"
193.pet=seek,表示“追寻，寻求”"
194.phag=eat,表示“吃”"
195.phil,philo=love,表示“爱”"
196.phob,phobia=dislike,表示“厌恶”"
197.phon=sound,表示“声音”"
198.pict=paint,表示“描画”"
199.plac=to please,表示“取悦，使满意，使平静”"
200.plat= flat,表示“平坦”"
201.plant=plant,表示“种植”"
202.ple,plen,plet, pli=full, fill,表示“满，填满”"
203.plex= fold,表示“重叠”"
204.plic, pli, ply= fold ,表示“重叠，折叠”"
205.plor=cry，weep,表示“喊，哭”"
206.point,punct= point,make sharp,表示“点，变尖”"
208.pon, pound= put,表示“放置”"
209.popul,publ=people,表示“人民”"
210.port=carry,表示“拿，运”"
211.pos, posit=put,表示“放”"
212.prais, preci= value,表示“价值”"
213.prehens, prehend= catch ,表示“抓住”"
214.press= press,表示“挤压”"
215.prim= first, chief,表示“第一，主要的”"
216.pris= take,表示“拿住，抓住”"
217.priv=single, alone,表示“单个”"
218.prob, prov= test,表示“测试，证明”"
219.proper,propri = one's own,表示“拥有”引申为“恰当的”
220.pugn=fight,表示“打斗”"
221.pur, purg=pure,表示“纯洁”"
222.put =think,表示“认为，思考”"
223.quest,quir, quis, quer= seek, search,表示“寻求，询问”
224.quiet, qui= still,表示“静”"
225.quit= free,表示“自由”"
226.radic= root,表示“根”"
227.range=rank,表示“排列，顺序”"
228.rap,rapt,rav=snatch,表示“捕，夺”"
229.ras, rad=scrape,表示“刮擦”"
230.rect=stright, right,表示“正，直”"
231.rid, ris= laugh,表示“笑”"
232.rod, ros= bite,表示“咬”"
233.rog=ask,表示“要求,问”"
234.rot= wheel,表示“轮子，转”"
235.rud= rude,表示“原始，粗野”"
236.rupt=break,表示“断裂”"
237.sal= salt,表示“盐”"
238.san, sanit= healthy,表示“健康的”"
239.sanguin= blood ,表示“血”"
240.sati,satis,satur=enough,full of food,表示“足够饱足”"
241.scend, scens, scent=climb,表示“爬，攀”"
242.sci=know,表示“知道”"
243.scrib,script=write,表示“写”"
244.secut,sequ= follow,表示“跟随”"
245.sect,seg= cut, divide,表示“切，割”"
246.sens, sent =feel,表示“感觉”"
247.sen=old,表示“老”"
248.sert=join, ,表示“加入，插入”
249.serv=serve, keep ,表示“服务，保持”"
250.sid=sit,表示“坐”"
251.sign=mark,表示“记号，信号”"
252.simil, simul, sembl =alike,same ,表示“相类似，一样”"
253.Sinu=bend,表示“弯曲”"
254.Sist= stand,表示“站立”"
255.soc=companion,表示“同伴”，引申为“社会”"
256.sol=alone,表示“单独”"
257.sol=sun ,表示“太阳”"
258.solv,solu, solut=loosen,表示“松开”"
259.somn=sleep,表示“睡眠”"
260.son=sound,表示“声音”"
261.soph=wise,表示“智慧，聪明”"
262.speci=look, kind,表示“外观，种类”"
263.spect, spic= look, see,表示“看”"
264.sper=hope,表示“希望”"
265.spers= scatter,表示“散开”"
266.spir=breathe,表示“呼吸”"
267.spond, spons =promise,表示“承诺”"
268.st, sta, stat, stan, stant, stin = stand,表示“站，立”"
269.stell=star,表示“星星”"
270 still=small drop。表示“小水滴”
271stitut，stit=set up，place，表示”建立，放“
272 sting ,stinct，stimul=priek表示”刺，刺激“
273 strain，strict，string=tighten，表示“拉紧”
274struct=build，表示“建立”
"275 sum,summ = add up ,表示“总，加”"
"276 sum, sumpt = take表示“拿，取”"
"277。sur=sure,表示“肯定”"
"278.tact,tag，tig，ting = touch表示“接触”"
279 tain ten tin= hold。，表示“拿住”
280.tect=cover,表示“盖上”"
281.tele = fur表示“远”，引申为“电”，电从远方来
282 temper，tempor =time，表示“时间”或时间引起的现象
283tempt =try，表示“尝试”
284 tend tent，tens =stretch，表示“伸展”
285 tenu =thin，表示“细，薄”
286 termin=limit，表示“界限”
287 terr=eartth表示“土地”
288 test=test，tuitness，表示“测试，证据”
289 text=weave，表示“编织”
290 thesis，thet= setting，表示“放置”
291 the(a)=god表示“神”
292，therm=heat，表示“热”
293 tim=fear，表示“害怕”
294 tir=draw，表示“拉”
295 tom= cut表示“切割”
296 tort = twist表示“扭曲”
297 tour，torn，tourn =turn，表示“转，环绕”
298 tox= poison表示“毒”
299 tract =draw，表示“拉，拖”
300 treat=handle，表示“处理”
301.trem=quiver，表示“颤抖”
302 tribut=give，表示“给予”
303 trud，trus=push，表示“推”
304 turb= stir“表示”搅动“
305 twine = twine，表示“编织”
306 umbr=shadow表示“影子”
307 un，uni=one，表示“单一，一个”
308 und = wave，表示“波动”
309 urb = city，表示“城市”
310 up=up，over表示“向上”
311 us，ut = use，表示“用”
312 vac, van void = empty，表示“空”
313 vad, vas = go，表示“走”
314 vag，vogr=wader，表示“漫游”
315 vail，val = strong，表示“强壮”
316 vari = vary，change，表示“变化”
317ven，vent=come，表示“来”
318 venge=punish，表示“惩罚”，引申为“报仇”
319 ver=true，表示“真实”
320 uerb=word，表示“词语”
321.ver，ert=turn，表示“转”
322 vest=clothes，表示“衣服”
323，vi，via，voy =way，表示“道路”
324 vict vinrc =conquer，overcome，表示“征服，克服”
325 vis，vid=see表示“看”
326 viv vit vig=life，表示“生命”
327 voc，vok=call voice，表示“叫喊，声音”
328 vol，volunt= wish，will，表示“意志，意愿”
329 vol volv volt=roll，turn，表示“卷，转”
"330.vor=eat,表示""吃"
331 vulg=people“表示“人群”
332 vuls，vult=pluck，teor，表示”收缩，撕开“
333 zoo=animal，表示“动物”
不是“痛苦”而是“距离”，其实我也蛮喜欢这首诗。好好品味吧！如下世界上最远的距离
世界上最远的距离
不是生与死的距离
而是我站在你面前
你不知道我爱你
世界上最远的距离
不是我站在你面前
你不知道我爱你
而是爱到痴迷
却不能说我爱你
世界上最远的距离
不是我不能说我爱你
而是想你痛彻心脾
却只能深埋心底
世界上最远的距离
不是我不能说我想你
而是彼此相爱
却不能够在一起
世界上最远的距离
不是彼此相爱
却不能够在一起
而是明知道真爱无敌
却装作毫不在意
世界上最远的距离
不是树与树的距离
而是同根生长的树枝
却无法在风中相依
世界上最远的距离
不是树枝无法相依
而是相互了望的星星
却没有交汇的轨迹
世界上最远的距离
不是星星之间的轨迹
而是纵然轨迹交汇
却在转瞬间无处寻觅
世界上最远的距离
不是瞬间便无处寻觅
而是尚未相遇
便注定无法相聚
世界上最远的距离
是鱼与飞鸟的距离
一个在天,一个却深潜海底
另附英文版本如下：
The most distant way in the world
The most distant way in the world
is not the way from birth to the end.
it is when i sit near you
that you don't understand i love u.
The most distant way in the world
is not that you're not sure i love u.
It is when my love is bewildering the soul
but i can't speak it out.
The most distant way in the world
is not that i can't say i love u.
it is after looking into my heart
i can't change my love.
The most distant way in the world
is not that i'm loving u.
it is in our love
we are keeping between the distance.
The most distant way in the world
is not the distance across us.
it is when we're breaking through the way
we deny the existance of love.
So the most distant way in the world
is not in two distant trees.
it is the same rooted branches
can't enjoy the co-existance.
So the most distant way in the world
is not in the being sepearated branches.
it is in the blinking stars
they can't burn the light.
So the most distant way in the world
is not the burning stars.
it is after the light
they can't be seen from afar.
So the most distant way in the world
is not the light that is fading away.
it is the coincidence of us
is not supposed for the love.
So the most distant way in the world
is the love between the fish and bird.
one is flying at the sky,
the other is looking upon into the sea.
作者是印度诗人泰戈尔,介绍如下:
泰戈尔简介
1861年5月7日，泰戈尔诞生在印度加尔各答市一个富有的贵族家庭。他的父亲和哥哥、妹'>姐妹'>姐都是社会名流。泰戈尔在这样一个文坛世家环境的薰陶下，8岁开始写诗，12岁开始写剧本，15岁发表了第一首长诗《野花》，17岁发表了叙事诗《诗人的故事》。才华横溢的泰戈尔从小就走上了文学创作的道路。
泰戈尔的一生是在印度处于英国殖民统治的年代中度过的。祖国的沦亡、民族的屈辱、殖民地人民的悲惨生活，都深深地烙印在泰戈尔的心灵深处，爱国主义的思想一开始就在他的作品中强烈地表现出来。他虽然出身于富贵家庭、生活在矛盾错综复杂的社会里，但他的爱憎是分明的，创作思想是明确的，始终跟上了时代的步伐。他曾在民族独立运动高潮时，写信给英国总督表示抗议殖民统治，并高唱自己写的爱国诗歌领导示威游行。他还曾坚决抛弃英国政府所授予的爵位和特权。印度人民尊崇他、热爱他，称他为诗圣、印度的良心和印度的灵魂。
泰戈尔不是个狭隘的爱国主义者。他对于处在帝国主义侵略和压迫下的各国人民一贯寄予深切的同情，并给予有力的支持。20世纪20年代，泰戈尔曾多次出国访问，并与世界各国文化名人一起组织反战的和平团体。30年代，当德、意、日法西斯发动侵略战争的时候，泰戈尔拍案而起，向全世界大声疾呼：“在我离去之前，我向每一个家庭呼吁——准备战斗吧，反抗那披着人皮的野兽。”就这样，直到1941年8月7日泰戈尔在加尔各答逝世，他一直战斗到生命的最后一刻。
这位举世闻名、多才多艺的作家，在漫长的六十多年创作生涯里，共写了五十多部诗集，12部中长篇小说，一百余篇短篇小说，二百多个剧本和许多有关文学、哲学、政治的论文以及回忆录、游记、书简等。其中1921年问世的著名诗集《吉檀迦利》，使泰戈尔获得了诺贝尔文学奖。《故事诗》和《两亩地》是印度人民喜闻乐见、广为传诵的不朽诗篇。脍炙人口的《喀布尔人》、《素芭》和《摩诃摩耶》均为世界短篇小说的杰作。《赎罪》、《顽固堡垒》、《红夹竹桃》等都是针对当时印度社会现实予以无情揭露和鞭笞的著名戏剧剧本。
泰戈尔不仅是一位造诣很深的作家、诗人，还是一位颇有成就的作曲家和画家。他一生共创作了二千余首激动人心、优美动听的歌曲。其中，他在印度民族解放运动高涨时期创作的不少热情洋溢的爱国歌曲，成了鼓舞印度人民同殖民主义统治进行斗争的有力武器。《人民的意志》这首歌，于1950年被定为印度国歌。泰戈尔晚年绘制的1500帧画，曾作为艺术珍品在世界许多有名的地方展出。
英文介绍是:
Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941)
Greatest writer in modern Indian literature, Bengali poet, novelist, educator, and an early advocate of Independence for India. Tagaore won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913. Two years later he was awarded the knighthood, but he surrendered it in 1919 as a protest against the Massacre of Amritsar, where British troops killed some 400 Indian demonstrators. Tagore's influence over Gandhi and the founders of modern India was enormous, but his reputation in the West as a mystic has perhaps mislead his Western readers to ignore his role as a reformer and critic of colonialism.
"When one knows thee, then alien there is none, then no door is shut. Oh, grant me my prayer that I may never lose touch of the one in the play of the many." (from Gitanjali)
Rabindranath Tagore was born in Calcutta into a wealthy and prominent Brahman family. His father was Maharishi Debendranath Tagore, a religious reformer and scholar. His mother, Sarada Devi, died when Tagore was very young - he realized that she will never come back was when her body was carried through a gate to a place where it was burned. Tagore's grandfather had established a huge financial empire for himself. He helped a number of public projects, such as Calcutta Medical College.
The Tagores tried to combine traditional Indian culture with Western ideasall the children contributed significantly to Bengali literature and culture. However, in My Reminiscences Tagore mentions that it was not until the age of ten when he started to use socks and shoes. And servants beat the children regularly. Tagore, the youngest, started to compose poems at the age of eight. Tagore's first book, a collection of poems, appeared when he was 17it was published by Tagore's friend who wanted to surprise him.
Tagore received his early education first from tutors and then at a variety of schools. Among them were Bengal Academy where he studied history and culture. At University College, London, he studied law but left after a year - he did not like the weather. Once he gave a beggar a cold coin - it was more than the beggar had expected and he returned it. In England Tagore started to compose the poem 'Bhagna Hridaj' (a broken heart).
In 1883 Tagore married Mrinalini Devi Raichaudhuri, with whom he had two sons and three daughters. In 1890 Tagore moved to East Bengal (now Bangladesh), where he collected local legends and folklore. Between 1893 and 1900 he wrote seven volumes of poetry, including SONAR TARI (The Golden Boat), 1894 and KHANIKA, 1900. This was highly productive period in Tagore's life, and earned him the rather misleading epitaph 'The Bengali Shelley.' More important was that Tagore wrote in the common language of the people. This also was something that was hard to accept among his critics and scholars.
Tagore was the first Indian to bring an element of psychological realism to his novels. Among his early major prose works are CHOCHER BALI (1903, Eyesore) and NASHTANIR (1901, The Broken Nest), published first serially. Between 1891 and 1895 he published forty-four short stories in Bengali periodical, most of them in the monthly journal Sadhana.
Especially Tagore's short stories influenced deeply Indian Literature. 'Punishment', a much anthologized work, was set in a rural village. It describes the oppression of women through the tragedy of the low-caste Rui family. Chandara is a proud, beautiful woman, "buxom, well-rounded, compact and sturdy," her husband, Chidam, is a farm-laborer, who works in the fields with his brother Dukhiram. One day when they return home after whole day of toil and humiliation, Dukhiram kills in anger his sloppy and slovenly wife because his food was not ready. To help his brother, Chidam's tells to police that his wife struck her sister-in-law with the farm-knife. Chandara takes the blame on to herself. 'In her thoughts, Chandara was saying to her husband, "I shall give my youth to the gallows instead of you. My final ties in this life will be with them."' Afterwards both Chidam and Dukhiram try to confess that they were quilty but Chandara is convicted. Just before the hanging, the doctor says that her husband wants to see her. "To hell with him," says Chandara.
In 1901 Tagore founded a school outside Calcutta, Visva-Bharati, which was dedicated to emerging Western and Indian philosophy and education. It become a university in 1921. He produced poems, novels, stories, a history of India, textbooks, and treatises on pedagogy. Tagore's wife died in 1902, next year one of his daughters died, and in 1907 Tagore lost his younger son.
Tagore's reputation as a writer was established in the United States and in England after the publication of GITANJALI: SONG OFFERINGS, about divine and human love. The poems were translated into English by the author himself. In the introduction from 1912 William Butler Yates wrote: "These lyrics - which are in the original, my Indians tell me, full of subtlety of rhythm, of untranslatable delicacies of colour, of metrical invention - display in their thought a world I have dreamed of all my life long." Tagore's poems were also praised by Ezra Pound, and drew the attention of the Nobel Prize committee. "There is in him the stillness of nature. The poems do not seem to have been produced by storm or by ignition, but seem to show the normal habit of his mind. He is at one with nature, and finds no contradictions. And this is in sharp contrast with the Western mode, where man must be shown attempting to master nature if we are to have "great drama." (Ezra Pound in Fortnightly Review, 1 March 1913) However, Tagore also experimented with poetic forms and these works have lost much in translations into other languages.
Much of Tagore's ideology come from the teaching of the Upahishads and from his own beliefs that God can be found through personal purity and service to others. He stressed the need for new world order based on transnational values and ideas, the "unity consciousness." "The soil, in return for her service, keeps the tree tied to herthe sky asks nothing and leaves it free." Politically active in India, Tagore was a supporter of Gandhi, but warned of the dangers of nationalistic thought. Unable to gain ideological support to his views, he retired into relative solitude. Between the years 1916 and 1934 he travelled widely. From his journey to Japan in 1916 he produced articles and books. In 1927 he toured in Southeast Asia. Letters from Java, which first was serialized in Vichitra, was issued as a book, JATRI, in 1929. His Majesty, Riza Shah Pahlavi, invited Tagore to Iran in 1932. On his journeys and lecture tours Tagore attempted to spread the ideal of uniting East and West. While in Japan he wrote: "The Japanese do not waste their energy in useless screaming and quarreling, and because there is no waste of energy it is not found wanting when required. This calmness and fortitude of body and mind is part of their national self-realization."
Tagore wrote his most important works in Bengali, but he often translated his poems into English. At the age of 70 Tagore took up painting. He was also a composer, settings hundreds of poems to music. Many of his poems are actually songs, and inseparable from their music. Tagore's 'Our Golden Bengal' became the national anthem of Bangladesh. Only hours before he died on August 7, in 1941, Tagore dictated his last poem. His written production, still not completely collected, fills nearly 30 substantial volumes. Tagore remained a well-known and popular author in the West until the end of the 1920s, but nowadays he is not so much read.
For further reading: Rabindranath Tagore by Krishna Kripalani (1962)Rabindranath Tagore by H. Banerjee (1971)Rabindranath Tagore by B.C. Chakravorty (1971)An Introduction to Rabindranath Tagore by V.S. Naravene (1977)The Humanism of Rabindranath Tagore by M.R. Anand (1979)Rabindranath Tagore by S. Ghose (1986)The Unversal Man by S. Chattopadhyay (1987)Sir Rabindranath Tagore by K.S. Ramaswami Sastri (1988)Gandhi and Tagore by D.W. Atkinson (1989)Rabindranath Tagore by K. Basak (1991)Rabindranath Tagore by E.J. Thompson (1991) - Suom.: Tagorelta on myös suomennettu draamat Pimeän kammion kuningas ja muita dramoja, novellivalikoima Ahnaat paadet sekä teos Puutarhuri Eino Leinon käännöksenä 1913.
Selected works:
KABIKAHINI, 1878 - A Poet's Tale
SADHYA SANGEET, 1882 - Evening Songs
PRABHAT SANGEET, 1883 - Morning Songs
BAU-THAKURANIR HAT, 1883
RAJASHI, 1887
RAJA O RANI, 1889 - The King and the Queen / Devouring Love
VISARGAN, 1890 - Sacrifice
MANASI, 1890
IUROPE-JATRIR DIARI, 1891, 1893
VALMIKI PRATIBHA, 1893
SONAR TARI, 1894 - The Golden Boat
KHANIKA, 1900 - Moments
KATHA, 1900
KALPANA, 1900
NAIVEDYA, 1901
NASHTANIR, 1901 - The Broken Nest
SHARAN, 1902
BINODINI, 1902
CHOCHER BALI, 1903 - Eyesore
NAUKADUBI, 1905 - Haaksirikko
KHEYA, 1906
NAUKADUBI, 1906 - The Wreck
GORA, 1907-09 - suom.
SARADOTSAVA, 1908 - Autumn Festival
GALPAGUCCHA, 1912 - A Bunch of Stories
CHINNAPATRA, 1912
VIDAY-ABHISAP, 1912 - The Curse at Farewell
GITANJALI, 1912 - Song Offerings (new translation in 2000 by Joen Winter, publ. Anvil Press) - Uhrilauluja
JIBAN SMRTI, 1912 - My Reminiscenes - Elämäni muistoja , trans. by J. Hollo
DAKGHAR, 1912 - Post Office
The Crescent Moon, 1913
Glimpses of Bengal Life, 1913
The Hungry Stones and Other Stories, 1913
CHITRA, 1914 - transl.
GHITIMALAYA, 1914
The King of the Dark Chamber, 1914
The Post Office, 1914
Sadhana, 1914
GHARE-BAIRE, 1916 - The Home and the World - Koti ja maailma
BALAK, 1916 - A Flight of Swans
CHATURANGA, 1916 - transl.
Fruit Gathering, 1916
The Hungry Stones, 1916
Stray Birds, 1916
PERSONALITY, 1917 - Persoonallisuus
The Cycle of Spring, 1917
Sacrifice, and Other Plays, 1917
My Reminiscene, 1917
Nationalism, 1917
Mashi and Other Stories, 1918
Stories from Tagore, 1918
PALATAKA, 1918
JAPAN-JATRI, 1919 - A Visit to Japan
Greater India, 1921
The Fugitive, 1921
Creative Unity, 1921
LIPIKA, 1922
MUKTADHARA, 1922 - trans.
Poems, 1923
Gora, 1924
Letters from Abroad, 1924
Red Oleander, 1924
GRIHAPRABESH, 1925
Broken Ties and Other Stories, 1925
Rabindranath Tagore: Twenty-Two Poems, 1925
RAKTA-KARABI, 1925 - Red Oleanders
SADHANA, 1926 - suom.
NATIR PUJA, 1926 - transl.
Letters to a Friend, 1928
SESHER KAVITA, 1929 - Farewell, My Friend
MAHUA, 1929 - The Herald of Spring
JATRI, 1929
YAGAYOG, 1929
The Religion of Man, 1930
The Child, 1931
RASHIAR CHITHI, 1931 - Letters from Russia
PATRAPUT, 1932
PUNASCHA, 1932
Mahatmahi and the Depressed Humanity, 1932
The Golden Boat, 1932
Sheaves, Poems and Songs, 1932
DUI BON, 1933 - Two Sisters
CHANDALIKA, 1933 - transl.
MALANCHA, 1934 - The Garden
CHAR ADHYAYA, 1934 - Four Chapters
BITHIKA, 1935
SHESH SAPTAK, 1935
PATRAPUT, 1936
SYAMALI, 1936 - trans.
Collected Poems and Plays, 1936
KHAPCHARA, 1937
SEMJUTI, 1938
PRANTIK, 1938
PRAHASINI, 1939
PATHER SANCAY, 1939
AKASPRADIP, 1939
SYAMA, 1939
NABAJATAK, 1940
SHANAI, 1940
CHELEBELA, 1940 - My Boyhood Days
ROGSHAJYAY, 1940
AROGYA, 1941
JANMADINE, 1941
GALPASALPA, 1941
Last Poems, 1941
The Parrots Training, 1944
Rolland and Tagore, 1945
Three Plays, 1950
Crisis in Civilization, 1950
Sheaves, 1951
More Stories from Tagore, 1951
A Tagore's Testament, 1955
Our Universe, 1958
The Runaway and Other Stories, 1959
Wings of Death, 1960
GITABITAN, 1960
A Tagore Reader, 1961 (ed. by Amiya Chakravarty)
Towards Universal Man, 1961
On Art and Aesthetics, 1961
BICITRA, 1961
GALPAGUCCHA, 1960-62 (4 vols.)
Boundless Sky, 1964
The Housewarming, 1964
RABINDRA-RACANABALI, 1964-1966 (27 vols.)
Patraput, 1969
Imperfect Encounter, 1972
Later Poems, 1974
The Housewarming, 1977
Rabindranath Tagore: Selected Poems, 1985
Rabindranath Tagore: Selected Short Stories, 1991 (trans. by William Radice
更多:http://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%CC%A9%B8%EA%B6%FB%BC%F2%BD%E9&cl=3
欢迎分享，转载请注明来源：夏雨云
微信扫一扫
支付宝扫一扫
评论列表（0条）